1          OPTIONS NONOTES NOSTIMER NOSOURCE NOSYNTAXCHECK;
 72         
 73         /* pain2.sas */
 74         title 'Covariance structure repeated measures analysis of the pain data';
 75         
 76         /* Read data from an old .xls spreadsheet */
 77         proc import datafile="/home/u1407221/441s24/data/Pain.xls"
 78                     out=ouch0 dbms=xls replace;
 79                     getnames=yes;
 
 NOTE: The import data set has 10 observations and 7 variables.
 NOTE: WORK.OUCH0 data set was successfully created.
 NOTE: PROCEDURE IMPORT used (Total process time):
       real time           0.00 seconds
       user cpu time       0.01 seconds
       system cpu time     0.00 seconds
       memory              1547.59k
       OS Memory           29084.00k
       Timestamp           04/01/2024 11:54:28 PM
       Step Count                        150  Switch Count  4
       Page Faults                       0
       Page Reclaims                     362
       Page Swaps                        0
       Voluntary Context Switches        30
       Involuntary Context Switches      0
       Block Input Operations            0
       Block Output Operations           264
       
 
 80         proc print;
 81         
 82         /*           Dose 1         Dose 2         Dose 3
 83                      ------         -----          ------
 84         Drug 1     Drug1Dose1     Drug1Dose2     Drug1Dose3
 85         Drug 2     Drug2Dose1     Drug2Dose2     Drug2Dose3   */
 86         
 
 NOTE: There were 10 observations read from the data set WORK.OUCH0.
 NOTE: PROCEDURE PRINT used (Total process time):
       real time           0.03 seconds
       user cpu time       0.03 seconds
       system cpu time     0.00 seconds
       memory              2584.40k
       OS Memory           28584.00k
       Timestamp           04/01/2024 11:54:28 PM
       Step Count                        151  Switch Count  0
       Page Faults                       0
       Page Reclaims                     173
       Page Swaps                        0
       Voluntary Context Switches        0
       Involuntary Context Switches      0
       Block Input Operations            0
       Block Output Operations           8
       
 
 87         data hurt;
 88              set ouch0;
 89              /* Need each response on a separate line for proc mixed. */
 90              array response{6} Drug1Dose1 -- Drug2Dose3;
 91              index = 0;
 92              do drug = 1 to 2;
 93                  do dose = 1 to 3;
 94                      index = index + 1;
 95                      pain = response{index};
 96                      output;
 97                  end;
 98              end;
 99              keep patient drug dose pain;
 100        
 
 NOTE: There were 10 observations read from the data set WORK.OUCH0.
 NOTE: The data set WORK.HURT has 60 observations and 4 variables.
 NOTE: DATA statement used (Total process time):
       real time           0.00 seconds
       user cpu time       0.01 seconds
       system cpu time     0.00 seconds
       memory              966.18k
       OS Memory           29100.00k
       Timestamp           04/01/2024 11:54:28 PM
       Step Count                        152  Switch Count  2
       Page Faults                       0
       Page Reclaims                     150
       Page Swaps                        0
       Voluntary Context Switches        14
       Involuntary Context Switches      0
       Block Input Operations            0
       Block Output Operations           264
       
 
 101        proc print data = hurt (obs=12); /* Just the first 12 lines */
 102        
 
 NOTE: There were 12 observations read from the data set WORK.HURT.
 NOTE: PROCEDURE PRINT used (Total process time):
       real time           0.01 seconds
       user cpu time       0.02 seconds
       system cpu time     0.01 seconds
       memory              707.18k
       OS Memory           28840.00k
       Timestamp           04/01/2024 11:54:28 PM
       Step Count                        153  Switch Count  0
       Page Faults                       0
       Page Reclaims                     81
       Page Swaps                        0
       Voluntary Context Switches        0
       Involuntary Context Switches      0
       Block Input Operations            0
       Block Output Operations           8
       
 
 103        proc mixed data=hurt;
 104             title2 'Unknown covariance structure';
 105             class drug dose;
 106             model pain = drug|dose;
 107             repeated / type=un subject=patient;
 108             /* Pairwise comparisons of marginal means for Dose */
 109             lsmeans dose / pdiff tdiff adjust = bon;
 110        run;
 
 NOTE: Convergence criteria met.
 NOTE: PROCEDURE MIXED used (Total process time):
       real time           0.10 seconds
       user cpu time       0.10 seconds
       system cpu time     0.00 seconds
       memory              2012.75k
       OS Memory           30124.00k
       Timestamp           04/01/2024 11:54:28 PM
       Step Count                        154  Switch Count  3
       Page Faults                       0
       Page Reclaims                     383
       Page Swaps                        0
       Voluntary Context Switches        27
       Involuntary Context Switches      0
       Block Input Operations            0
       Block Output Operations           312
       
 
 111        
 112        proc mixed data=hurt;
 113             title2 'Compound symmetry';
 114             class drug dose;
 115             model pain = drug|dose;
 116             repeated / type=cs subject=patient;
 117             lsmeans dose / pdiff tdiff adjust = bon;
 118        run;
 
 NOTE: Convergence criteria met.
 NOTE: PROCEDURE MIXED used (Total process time):
       real time           0.08 seconds
       user cpu time       0.08 seconds
       system cpu time     0.01 seconds
       memory              1353.62k
       OS Memory           30124.00k
       Timestamp           04/01/2024 11:54:28 PM
       Step Count                        155  Switch Count  3
       Page Faults                       0
       Page Reclaims                     192
       Page Swaps                        0
       Voluntary Context Switches        25
       Involuntary Context Switches      2
       Block Input Operations            0
       Block Output Operations           304
       
 
 119        
 120        /* F-tests from cs do not match up with the proc glm univariate tests
 121           in pain1.sas that are produced as a by-product of the multivariate
 122           approach. If you know how to read it, output from the code below
 123           shows that for this (simple and quite common) example, exact classical
 124           F-tests for the main effects do not exist unless the interaction is
 125           assumed to be absent. The proc mixed tests match what you get by making
 126           this assumption. It seems that the "by-product" univariate repeated
 127           measures analysis produced by proc glm is doing something else. I do
 128           not know exactly what it is doing, except that in every example I can
 129           find where all the classical tests DO exist, proc glm matches them.
 130           If we want the compound symmetry assumption, we will use proc mixed. */
 131        
 132        proc glm data=hurt noprint; /* Not showing the output */
 133             title2 'Trying classical the old fashioned way';
 134             class patient drug dose;
 135             model pain = patient drug|dose;
 136             random patient / test;
 137        run;
 
 138        quit;
 
 NOTE: PROCEDURE GLM used (Total process time):
       real time           0.00 seconds
       user cpu time       0.00 seconds
       system cpu time     0.00 seconds
       memory              1576.78k
       OS Memory           30904.00k
       Timestamp           04/01/2024 11:54:28 PM
       Step Count                        156  Switch Count  3
       Page Faults                       0
       Page Reclaims                     221
       Page Swaps                        0
       Voluntary Context Switches        25
       Involuntary Context Switches      0
       Block Input Operations            0
       Block Output Operations           288
       
 
 139        
 140        
 141        
 142        OPTIONS NONOTES NOSTIMER NOSOURCE NOSYNTAXCHECK;
 154