Results: RepeatedMonkey.sas

Primate hippocampal function: Zola-Morgan and Squire, 1990

Covariance Structure approach to repeated measures (within-cases)

The PRINT Procedure

Data Set WORK.MEMORY

Obs	monkey	treatment	id	time	score
1	Spank	CONTROL	1	2	95
2	Spank	CONTROL	1	4	75
3	Spank	CONTROL	1	8	80
4	Spank	CONTROL	1	12	65
5	Spank	CONTROL	1	16	70
6	Chim	CONTROL	2	2	85
7	Chim	CONTROL	2	4	75
8	Chim	CONTROL	2	8	55
9	Chim	CONTROL	2	12	75
10	Chim	CONTROL	2	16	85
11	Chak	CONTROL	3	2	75
12	Chak	CONTROL	3	4	95
13	Chak	CONTROL	3	8	60
14	Chak	CONTROL	3	12	40
15	Chak	CONTROL	3	16	45
16	Alf	CONTROL	4	2	85
17	Alf	CONTROL	4	4	80
18	Alf	CONTROL	4	8	70
19	Alf	CONTROL	4	12	45
20	Alf	CONTROL	4	16	80
21	Poet	CONTROL	5	2	65
22	Poet	CONTROL	5	4	80
23	Poet	CONTROL	5	8	75
24	Poet	CONTROL	5	12	65
25	Poet	CONTROL	5	16	65
26	Jessie	CONTROL	6	2	70
27	Jessie	CONTROL	6	4	90
28	Jessie	CONTROL	6	8	85
29	Jessie	CONTROL	6	12	75
30	Jessie	CONTROL	6	16	75
31	Phil	CONTROL	7	2	75
32	Phil	CONTROL	7	4	80
33	Phil	CONTROL	7	8	70
34	Phil	CONTROL	7	12	70
35	Phil	CONTROL	7	16	70
36	Irv	TREATED	8	2	75
37	Irv	TREATED	8	4	50
38	Irv	TREATED	8	8	70
39	Irv	TREATED	8	12	75
40	Irv	TREATED	8	16	75
41	Edy	TREATED	9	2	85
42	Edy	TREATED	9	4	85
43	Edy	TREATED	9	8	60
44	Edy	TREATED	9	12	70
45	Edy	TREATED	9	16	70
46	Allen	TREATED	10	2	60
47	Allen	TREATED	10	4	70
48	Allen	TREATED	10	8	70
49	Allen	TREATED	10	12	75
50	Allen	TREATED	10	16	70
51	Poe	TREATED	11	2	60
52	Poe	TREATED	11	4	65
53	Poe	TREATED	11	8	70
54	Poe	TREATED	11	12	70
55	Poe	TREATED	11	16	60
56	Joey	TREATED	12	2	65
57	Joey	TREATED	12	4	60
58	Joey	TREATED	12	8	80
59	Joey	TREATED	12	12	70
60	Joey	TREATED	12	16	60
61	Just	TREATED	13	2	55
62	Just	TREATED	13	4	70
63	Just	TREATED	13	8	60
64	Just	TREATED	13	12	65
65	Just	TREATED	13	16	75
66	Junior	TREATED	14	2	60
67	Junior	TREATED	14	4	55
68	Junior	TREATED	14	8	75
69	Junior	TREATED	14	12	70
70	Junior	TREATED	14	16	50
71	Andy	TREATED	15	2	55
72	Andy	TREATED	15	4	65
73	Andy	TREATED	15	8	45
74	Andy	TREATED	15	12	70
75	Andy	TREATED	15	16	65
76	Sport	TREATED	16	2	60
77	Sport	TREATED	16	4	70
78	Sport	TREATED	16	8	70
79	Sport	TREATED	16	12	85
80	Sport	TREATED	16	16	70
81	Corneliu	TREATED	17	2	45
82	Corneliu	TREATED	17	4	60
83	Corneliu	TREATED	17	8	65
84	Corneliu	TREATED	17	12	65
85	Corneliu	TREATED	17	16	70
86	Duncan	TREATED	18	2	65
87	Duncan	TREATED	18	4	55
88	Duncan	TREATED	18	8	55
89	Duncan	TREATED	18	12	80
90	Duncan	TREATED	18	16	75

Primate hippocampal function: Zola-Morgan and Squire, 1990

Covariance Structure approach to repeated measures (within-cases)

The FREQ Procedure

Table time * treatment

Cross-Tabular Freq Table

Frequency

Table of time by treatment
time	treatment
time	CONTROL	TREATED	Total
2	7	11	18
4	7	11	18
8	7	11	18
12	7	11	18
16	7	11	18
Total	35	55	90

Table monkey

One-Way Frequencies

monkey	Frequency	Percent	Cumulative Frequency	Cumulative Percent
Alf	5	5.56	5	5.56
Allen	5	5.56	10	11.11
Andy	5	5.56	15	16.67
Chak	5	5.56	20	22.22
Chim	5	5.56	25	27.78
Corneliu	5	5.56	30	33.33
Duncan	5	5.56	35	38.89
Edy	5	5.56	40	44.44
Irv	5	5.56	45	50.00
Jessie	5	5.56	50	55.56
Joey	5	5.56	55	61.11
Junior	5	5.56	60	66.67
Just	5	5.56	65	72.22
Phil	5	5.56	70	77.78
Poe	5	5.56	75	83.33
Poet	5	5.56	80	88.89
Spank	5	5.56	85	94.44
Sport	5	5.56	90	100.00

Primate hippocampal function: Zola-Morgan and Squire, 1990

Covariance Structure approach to repeated measures (within-cases)

Unstructured Covariance Matrix

The Mixed Procedure

The MIXED Procedure

Model Information

Model Information
Data Set	WORK.MEMORY
Dependent Variable	score
Covariance Structure	Unstructured
Subject Effect	id
Estimation Method	REML
Residual Variance Method	None
Fixed Effects SE Method	Model-Based
Degrees of Freedom Method	Between-Within

Class Level Information

Class Level Information
Class	Levels	Values
treatment	2	CONTROL TREATED
time	5	2 4 8 12 16

Dimensions

Dimensions
Covariance Parameters	15
Columns in X	18
Columns in Z	0
Subjects	18
Max Obs per Subject	5

Number of Observations

Number of Observations
Number of Observations Read	90
Number of Observations Used	90
Number of Observations Not Used	0

Iteration History

Iteration History
Iteration	Evaluations	-2 Res Log Like	Criterion
0	1	615.76098645
1	1	606.99648116	0.00000000

Convergence Status

Convergence criteria met.

Estimated R Matrix for Subject 1

Estimated R Matrix for Subject 1
Row	Col1	Col2	Col3	Col4	Col5
1	109.62	1.1972	-0.2638	5.6006	24.5739
2	1.1972	80.2354	-12.8856	-20.9010	-17.3295
3	-0.2638	-12.8856	102.76	18.9326	-16.3352
4	5.6006	-20.9010	18.9326	97.5649	46.4489
5	24.5739	-17.3295	-16.3352	46.4489	101.14

Covariance Parameter Estimates

Covariance Parameter Estimates
Cov Parm	Subject	Estimate	Alpha	Lower	Upper
UN(1,1)	id	109.62	0.05	60.8034	253.91
UN(2,1)	id	1.1972	0.05	-44.7594	47.1539
UN(2,2)	id	80.2354	0.05	44.5051	185.85
UN(3,1)	id	-0.2638	0.05	-52.2685	51.7409
UN(3,2)	id	-12.8856	0.05	-57.8234	32.0523
UN(3,3)	id	102.76	0.05	56.9990	238.02
UN(4,1)	id	5.6006	0.05	-45.1466	56.3479
UN(4,2)	id	-20.9010	0.05	-65.4471	23.6451
UN(4,3)	id	18.9326	0.05	-30.9989	68.8641
UN(4,4)	id	97.5649	0.05	54.1175	225.99
UN(5,1)	id	24.5739	0.05	-28.4048	77.5525
UN(5,2)	id	-17.3295	0.05	-62.2781	27.6190
UN(5,3)	id	-16.3352	0.05	-66.9245	34.2540
UN(5,4)	id	46.4489	0.05	-7.2825	100.18
UN(5,5)	id	101.14	0.05	56.0985	234.26

Fit Statistics

Fit Statistics
-2 Res Log Likelihood	607.0
AIC (Smaller is Better)	637.0
AICC (Smaller is Better)	644.5
BIC (Smaller is Better)	650.4

Null Model Likelihood Ratio Test

Null Model Likelihood Ratio Test
DF	Chi-Square	Pr > ChiSq
14	8.76	0.8458

Type 3 Tests of Fixed Effects

Type 3 Tests of Fixed Effects
Effect	Num DF	Den DF	F Value	Pr > F
treatment	1	16	8.08	0.0118
time	4	16	0.76	0.5655
treatment*time	4	16	5.07	0.0078

Primate hippocampal function: Zola-Morgan and Squire, 1990

Covariance Structure approach to repeated measures (within-cases)

Ordinary 2-way

The GLM Procedure

Data

Class Levels

Class Level Information
Class	Levels	Values
time	5	2 4 8 12 16
treatment	2	CONTROL TREATED

Number of Observations

Number of Observations Read	90
Number of Observations Used	90

Primate hippocampal function: Zola-Morgan and Squire, 1990

Covariance Structure approach to repeated measures (within-cases)

Ordinary 2-way

The GLM Procedure

Dependent Variable: score

Analysis of Variance

score

Overall ANOVA

Source	DF	Sum of Squares	Mean Square	F Value	Pr > F
Model	9	3254.51659	361.61295	3.68	0.0007
Error	80	7861.03896	98.26299
Corrected Total	89	11115.55556

Fit Statistics

R-Square	Coeff Var	Root MSE	score Mean
0.292789	14.41275	9.912769	68.77778

Type I Model ANOVA

Source	DF	Type I SS	Mean Square	F Value	Pr > F
treatment	1	887.503608	887.503608	9.03	0.0035
time	4	135.000000	33.750000	0.34	0.8478
time*treatment	4	2232.012987	558.003247	5.68	0.0004

Type III Model ANOVA

Source	DF	Type III SS	Mean Square	F Value	Pr > F
treatment	1	887.503608	887.503608	9.03	0.0035
time	4	375.346320	93.836580	0.95	0.4369
time*treatment	4	2232.012987	558.003247	5.68	0.0004

Interaction Plot

Primate hippocampal function: Zola-Morgan and Squire, 1990

Covariance Structure approach to repeated measures (within-cases)

Compound Symmetry

The Mixed Procedure

The MIXED Procedure

Model Information

Model Information
Data Set	WORK.MEMORY
Dependent Variable	score
Covariance Structure	Compound Symmetry
Subject Effect	id
Estimation Method	REML
Residual Variance Method	Profile
Fixed Effects SE Method	Model-Based
Degrees of Freedom Method	Between-Within

Class Level Information

Class Level Information
Class	Levels	Values
treatment	2	CONTROL TREATED
time	5	2 4 8 12 16

Dimensions

Dimensions
Covariance Parameters	2
Columns in X	18
Columns in Z	0
Subjects	18
Max Obs per Subject	5

Number of Observations

Number of Observations
Number of Observations Read	90
Number of Observations Used	90
Number of Observations Not Used	0

Iteration History

Iteration History
Iteration	Evaluations	-2 Res Log Like	Criterion
0	1	615.76098645
1	1	615.62879226	0.00000000

Convergence Status

Convergence criteria met.

Estimated R Matrix for Subject 1

Estimated R Matrix for Subject 1
Row	Col1	Col2	Col3	Col4	Col5
1	98.2630	2.9038	2.9038	2.9038	2.9038
2	2.9038	98.2630	2.9038	2.9038	2.9038
3	2.9038	2.9038	98.2630	2.9038	2.9038
4	2.9038	2.9038	2.9038	98.2630	2.9038
5	2.9038	2.9038	2.9038	2.9038	98.2630

Covariance Parameter Estimates

Covariance Parameter Estimates
Cov Parm	Subject	Estimate	Alpha	Lower	Upper
CS	id	2.9038	0.05	-13.6961	19.5038
Residual		95.3592	0.05	69.3489	139.41

Fit Statistics

Fit Statistics
-2 Res Log Likelihood	615.6
AIC (Smaller is Better)	619.6
AICC (Smaller is Better)	619.8
BIC (Smaller is Better)	621.4

Null Model Likelihood Ratio Test

Null Model Likelihood Ratio Test
DF	Chi-Square	Pr > ChiSq
1	0.13	0.7162

Type 3 Tests of Fixed Effects

Type 3 Tests of Fixed Effects
Effect	Num DF	Den DF	F Value	Pr > F
treatment	1	16	8.08	0.0118
time	4	64	0.98	0.4227
treatment*time	4	64	5.85	0.0004

Primate hippocampal function: Zola-Morgan and Squire, 1990

Covariance Structure approach to repeated measures (within-cases)

Compound Symmetry

The GLM Procedure

Data

Class Levels

Class Level Information
Class	Levels	Values
treatment	2	CONTROL TREATED

Number of Observations

Number of Observations Read	18
Number of Observations Used	18

Primate hippocampal function: Zola-Morgan and Squire, 1990

Covariance Structure approach to repeated measures (within-cases)

Compound Symmetry

The GLM Procedure

Dependent Variable: twovs16

Analysis of Variance

twovs16

Overall ANOVA

Source	DF	Sum of Squares	Mean Square	F Value	Pr > F
Model	1	787.896825	787.896825	4.88	0.0422
Error	16	2585.714286	161.607143
Corrected Total	17	3373.611111

Fit Statistics

R-Square	Coeff Var	Root MSE	twovs16 Mean
0.233547	4576.493	12.71248	0.277778

Type I Model ANOVA

Source	DF	Type I SS	Mean Square	F Value	Pr > F
treatment	1	787.8968254	787.8968254	4.88	0.0422

Type III Model ANOVA

Source	DF	Type III SS	Mean Square	F Value	Pr > F
treatment	1	787.8968254	787.8968254	4.88	0.0422

Box Plot

Primate hippocampal function: Zola-Morgan and Squire, 1990

Covariance Structure approach to repeated measures (within-cases)

Classical (Same results as CS)

The GLM Procedure

Data

Class Levels

Class Level Information
Class	Levels	Values
treatment	2	CONTROL TREATED
time	5	2 4 8 12 16
monkey	18	Alf Allen Andy Chak Chim Corneliu Duncan Edy Irv Jessie Joey Junior Just Phil Poe Poet Spank Sport

Number of Observations

Number of Observations Read	90
Number of Observations Used	90

Primate hippocampal function: Zola-Morgan and Squire, 1990

Covariance Structure approach to repeated measures (within-cases)

Classical (Same results as CS)

The GLM Procedure

Dependent Variable: score

Analysis of Variance

score

Overall ANOVA

Source	DF	Sum of Squares	Mean Square	F Value	Pr > F
Model	25	5012.56854	200.50274	2.10	0.0090
Error	64	6102.98701	95.35917
Corrected Total	89	11115.55556

Fit Statistics

R-Square	Coeff Var	Root MSE	score Mean
0.450951	14.19819	9.765202	68.77778

Type I Model ANOVA

Source	DF	Type I SS	Mean Square	F Value	Pr > F
treatment	1	887.503608	887.503608	9.31	0.0033
time	4	135.000000	33.750000	0.35	0.8404
treatment*time	4	2232.012987	558.003247	5.85	0.0004
monkey(treatment)	16	1758.051948	109.878247	1.15	0.3299

Type III Model ANOVA

Source	DF	Type III SS	Mean Square	F Value	Pr > F
treatment	1	887.503608	887.503608	9.31	0.0033
time	4	375.346320	93.836580	0.98	0.4227
treatment*time	4	2232.012987	558.003247	5.85	0.0004
monkey(treatment)	16	1758.051948	109.878247	1.15	0.3299

Primate hippocampal function: Zola-Morgan and Squire, 1990

Covariance Structure approach to repeated measures (within-cases)

Classical (Same results as CS)

The GLM Procedure

Random Effects Analysis

Model Expected Mean Squares

Source	Type III Expected Mean Square
treatment	Var(Error) + 5 Var(monkey(treatment)) + Q(treatment,treatment*time)
time	Var(Error) + Q(time,treatment*time)
treatment*time	Var(Error) + Q(treatment*time)
monkey(treatment)	Var(Error) + 5 Var(monkey(treatment))

Primate hippocampal function: Zola-Morgan and Squire, 1990

Covariance Structure approach to repeated measures (within-cases)

Classical (Same results as CS)

The GLM Procedure

Tests of Hypotheses for Mixed Model Analysis of Variance

Dependent Variable: score

score

Type III Model ANOVA

	Source	DF	Type III SS	Mean Square	F Value	Pr > F
Error: MS(monkey(treatment))
* This test assumes one or more other fixed effects are zero.
*	treatment	1	887.503608	887.503608	8.08	0.0118
	Error	16	1758.051948	109.878247

Type III Model ANOVA

	Source	DF	Type III SS	Mean Square	F Value	Pr > F
* This test assumes one or more other fixed effects are zero.
*	time	4	375.346320	93.836580	0.98	0.4227
	treatment*time	4	2232.012987	558.003247	5.85	0.0004
	monkey(treatment)	16	1758.051948	109.878247	1.15	0.3299
	Error: MS(Error)	64	6102.987013	95.359172